Structural & formative pruning
Young trees are shaped over their first five years so they never need major surgery later. Mature trees get crown thinning, lifting or reduction — never topping, which is the fastest way to kill a tree slowly.
- Cuts made at the branch collar, never flush to the trunk
- Never more than 25 % of live canopy in one season
- Deciduous work in dormancy; evergreen after the spring flush
- Fruit trees pruned to an open centre or modified leader